Answer: A perfect number. You might also think of a perfect number as a number that is half the sum of all of its positive divisors, including itself! This definition is at least 2300 years old as it appears in Euclid's "Elements".
Answer: Leonhard Euler. Swiss-born Euler is held to be one of the greatest mathematicians in history. He made pioneering contributions to several branches of mathematics and introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation.
Answer: 3 Of course, as time passes, the smallest Erdős number that can still be achieved will necessarily increase, as mathematicians with low Erdős numbers die and become unavailable for collaboration.
Answer: 312211 John Conway's "look and say" sequence has no digits other than 1, 2, and 3 in it, unless the seed number contains such a digit or a run of more than three of the same digit. A degenerate sequence appears with the seed of 22.
